Mohammad Akram Arefi, Mohammad Hassan Faqiri
The conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which has persisted for over two
decades, is one of the longest and most complex conflicts in the African
continent. This article aims to examine the nature of this conflict and crisis
and to evaluate unsuccessful peace efforts in Darfur in light of the nature of
the crisis. The goal of this research is to identify the complex political and
non-political nature of the conflict and crisis in Darfur in order to provide
an answer to the question of why peace efforts in this crisis have failed. This
research can theoretically help in identifying the complexities of resolving
similar crises. The research method, in terms of data collection, is
documentary, which has been collected from reliable sources and analyzed
descriptively and analytically. The findings of the research show that Sudan,
in terms of society, has diverse ethnic, social, and cultural groups with a
tribal fabric. These groups have been involved in bloody conflicts with each
other under the influence of economic, social, and political factors. On the
other hand, the authoritarian government of Sudan, due to its ethnic nature and
inflexible and unbalanced policies, has not been able to establish equal
relations between the ethnic groups, which has led to the politicization of the
conflict and the opening of another front between the government and the tribes
residing in Darfur. The Sudanese government, with the mediation of regional
countries and the United Nations, has so far signed several agreements with the
Darfur rebels, but due to the lack of serious will of the authoritarian central
government and the interference of some regional and extra-regional countries,
this process has not led to a sustainable peace.
Keywords:
conflict, crisis, justice and
equality movement, Darfur, peace agreement