Mohammad Akram Arefi, Mohammad Hassan Faqiri
The
conflict in Darfur, Sudan, which has persisted for over two decades, is one of
the longest and most complex conflicts in the African continent. This article
aims to examine the nature of this conflict and crisis and to evaluate
unsuccessful peace efforts in Darfur in light of the nature of the crisis. The
goal of this research is to identify the complex political and non-political
nature of the conflict and crisis in Darfur in order to provide an answer to the
question of why peace efforts in this crisis have failed. This research can
theoretically help in identifying the complexities of resolving similar crises.
The research method, in terms of data collection, is documentary, which has
been collected from reliable sources and analyzed descriptively and
analytically. The findings of the research show that Sudan, in terms of
society, has diverse ethnic, social, and cultural groups with a tribal fabric.
These groups have been involved in bloody conflicts with each other under the
influence of economic, social, and political factors. On the other hand, the
authoritarian government of Sudan, due to its ethnic nature and inflexible and
unbalanced policies, has not been able to establish equal relations between the
ethnic groups, which has led to the politicization of the conflict and the
opening of another front between the government and the tribes residing in
Darfur. The Sudanese government, with the mediation of regional countries and
the United Nations, has so far signed several agreements with the Darfur
rebels, but due to the lack of serious will of the authoritarian central
government and the interference of some regional and extra-regional countries,
this process has not led to a sustainable peace.
Keywords:
conflict, crisis, justice and
equality movement, Darfur, peace agreement